Lisnagarvey High School

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Key Terms

Year 8

*What is History?*
History	History is something that has happened in the past but history is being made everyday too
Chronological Order	Putting dates in the order that they occurred
Personal History	Events that have happened to you personally
Source	Historians gather information from sources to work out what happened during a particular event.
Primary Source	A source of information from the time of the event
Secondary Source	A source of information from after the event
*The Holocaust*
The Holocaust	The persecution and murder of millions of Jews by Hitler and the Nazi Party
Anti-Semitism	The hatred of Jews
Concentration camp	Jews were made to go here to work. The most famous one is at Auschwitz
The Normans and the Medieval World
Baron	A person who held land from the King
Bayeux Tapestry	A long strip of embroidered linen cloth which tells the story of the Norman conquest of England
Bishop	A churchman who is next to an archbishop. Some of them had great power in the Middle Ages
Black Death	Name given to a plague which affected Europe in the 14^th century, killing about a third of the population. The germs which caused it were carried by rat fleas
Castle	Fortified dwelling built to protect people from their enemies. They were built first from wood and then from stone
Cavalry	Soldiers mounted on horseback
Chain mail	A suit of armour made from linked metal chains and worn by a Norman knight.
Conquest	The act of taking over a country by force
Domesday Book	A record, made in 1086, of the ownership of land in England, by order of William the Conqueror
Feudal System	A method of holding land by giving service, rather than money, to the owner
Infantry	Foot soldiers
Invasion	When an army from one country attempts to conquer another
Knight	A heavily armed soldier on horseback
Medieval	The period of history between the 5^th century and the 15^th century
Motte	A hill of earth which made up part of the motte and bailey castle. It was the highest ground in the castle and usually had a keep built on top of it.
Normans	Descendants of the Vikings who settled in the north of France and started using the French language.
Saxons	People who ruled England before the Normans

Year 9

Rivalry and Conflict
Act of Parliament	Law passed by Parliament
Absolute monarch	King or Queen with complete power
Armada	A large fleet of ships
Cavalier	Supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War
Cavalry	Soldiers who fought on horseback
Charter	A document from the king to a person or group
Civil War	War between opposing groups in the same country
Colony	A group of people who settle in another country far from their own, but who keep close ties with their homeland
Constitutional Monarch	A king or queen who agrees to share power with parliament
Divine Right	The belief by a king or queen that he or she had been appointed by God to rule
Glorious Revolution	A revolution which took place in 1688. The King of England, James II, was replaced by his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange
Jacobite	A supporter of King James II
Monarchy	A country which is ruled by a king or queen
New Model Army	An army set up by Parliament during the Civil War
Parliament	Assembly of elected representatives who make laws for the country
Penal Laws	Laws passed by the Irish parliament to punish Irish Catholics, after the Williamite victory in Ireland
Plantation	The settling of English and Scottish people in Ireland. These people took over some of the land of the native Irish people
Pope	The Bishop of Rome who is head of the Roman Catholic Church
Propaganda	Information giving only one point of view; often put out by a government or organisation in order to win support
Protestant	A member of the Protestant church. They were called Protestant because they protested against the Roman Catholic Church
Puritan	An English protestant who wanted to change the Church of England, which they believed was still too much like the Roman Catholic Church.
Rebellion	An organised rising against the king, queen or government
Reformation	Name given to the time when protests against some of the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church led to the setting up of the Protestant Church
Republic	A country which is not ruled by a king or queen
Restoration	The re-establishment of the English monarchy when Charles II was crowned King of England in 1660
Revolution	The overthrow of a king, queen or government
Roundhead	A supporter of Parliament against Charles I during the English Civil War
Royalist	Supporter of the King during the English Civil War
Siege	Surrounding a castle or town to try to starve the inhabitants into surrender
Treason	The act of plotting against the king, queen or government
Williamite Wars	The name given to the wars in Ireland between James II and William of Orange, between 1688-1691

Year 10

Union to Partition
Absentee	A description of landlords who owned land in Ireland but who lived in England for most of the year
Act of Parliament	A law passed by parliament
Bill of Parliament	A name given to a proposed new law before it has been passed by both Houses of Parliament. After it is passed it is called an Act.
British Empire	Name given to the group of countries ruled by Britain. At the time of the Home Rule crisis, the British Empire stretched across many parts of the world
By-election	An election held in a constituency to replace a Member of Parliament who has died or resigned
Civil War	A war between opposing groups in the same country
Conscription	A law which meant that men had to join the army
Covenant	A solemn declaration, calling on God as a witness. The Solemn League and Covenant of 1912 set out Unionist objections to Home Rule
Democracy	A form of government that is based on the equal rights of its citizens
Emigrate	To leave your own country to live in another country
Gaelic Revival	Name given to the period in the late 19^th century when there was a movement to encourage Irish culture. The GAA and Gaelic League were the major organisations in the Gaelic Revival
Government of Ireland Act	An Act passed in 1920 to give Home Rule to Ireland
Home Rule	The idea of a country having some independence in running its own affairs. The Irish Parliamentary Party tried to get Home Rule for Ireland so that it was not governed entirely from England
Independence	Freedom from government by another country
Land Acts	Acts which granted rights to tenant farmers including freedom of sale, fixing of tenure and fair rents
Nationalist	Someone who wanted Home Rule or independence for Ireland from Britain
Parliament	An assembly of elected representatives who make laws for the country. There are two Houses of Parliament at Westminster: the House of Commons and the House of Lords
Partition	The division of a country
Propaganda	Information giving only one point of view; often put out by a government or organisation to win support
Rebellion	An Act of organised and often violent opposition to the government or ruling country
Republic	A country with a president as Head of State instead of a king or queen
Republican	A name given to someone who wants to set up a republic, and is against monarchy
Treaty	A formal agreement between the opposing sides after a war
Unionist	A person or political party who supports the union with Britain and was against Home Rule
World War One
Alliance	Where two or more countries agree to help each other
Allies	Name for the countries who were fighting against Germany in both world wars
Armistice	The ceasefire which ended the First World War on the 11^th November 1918
Blighty	First World War slang. It could mean England, or it could also mean a wound which would allow a man to go home.
Censorship	Keeping secret any information which might help the enemy or lower morale.
Chlorine Gas	First gas invented by the Germans. It became the most widely used gas by both sides in the First World War
Conscientious Objectors	People who refuse to join the armed forces because they were pacifists
Conscription	Compulsory military service for men aged between 18 and 41
Dictator	A leader who has total power over his country
Front Line	The area nearest to the enemy where the fighting takes place
League of Nations	International organisation set up after the First World War to try to prevent war by using peaceful means to resolve disputes between countries
Morale	The name for how confident or downhearted people feel. When people feel confident, their morale is high. When they are discouraged, their morale is low
No Man’s Land	The area of ground between the two sides in the First World War. To attack the enemy soldiers had to cross it.
Rations	How much food, clothes, petrol etc. each person could have
Tommy	A nickname for a British private soldier
Trench	A deep ditch dug at the front line to protect soldiers from enemy fire
Trenchfoot	A disease caused by standing in muddy wet trenches for long periods. Feet would swell, go numb and eventually rot.

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